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国务院


中华人民共和国城镇国有土地使用权出让和转让暂行条例(附英文)

1990年5月19日，国务院

第一章 总则
第一条 为了改革城镇国有土地使用制度，合理开发、利用、经营土地，加强土地管理，促进城市建设和经济发展，制定本条例。
第二条 国家按照所有权与使用权分离的原则，实行城镇国有土地使用权出让、转让制度，但地下资源、埋藏物和市政公用设施除外。
前款所称城镇国有土地是指市、县城、建制镇、工矿区范围内属于全民所有的土地（以下简称土地）。
第三条 中华人民共和国境内外的公司、企业、其他组织和个人，除法律另有规定者外，均可依照本条例的规定取得土地使用权，进行土地开发、利用、经营。
第四条 依照本条例的规定取得土地使用权的土地使用者，其使用权在使用年限内可以转让、出租、抵押或者用于其他经济活动。合法权益受国家法律保护。
第五条 土地使用者开发、利用、经营土地的活动，应当遵守国家法律、法规的规定，并不得损害社会公共利益。
第六条 县级以上人民政府土地管理部门依法对土地使用权的出让、转让、出租、抵押、终止进行监督检查。
第七条 土地使用权出让、转让、出租、抵押、终止及有关的地上建筑物、其他附着物的登记，由政府土地管理部门、房产管理部门依照法律和国务院的有关规定办理。

登记文件可以公开查阅。

第二章 土地使用权出让
第八条 土地使用权出让是指国家以土地所有者的身份将土地使用权在一定年限内让与土地使用者，并由土地使用者向国家支付土地使用权出让金的行为。
土地使用权出让应当签订出让合同。
第九条 土地使用权的出让，由市、县人民政府负责，有计划、有步骤地进行。
第十条 土地使用权出让的地块、用途、年限和其他条件，由市、县人民政府土地管理部门会同城市规划和建设管理部门、房产管理部门共同拟定方案，按照国务院规定的批准权限报经批准后，由土地管理部门实施。
第十一条 土地使用权出让合同应当按照平等、自愿、有偿的原则，由市、县人民政府土地管理部门（以下简称出让方）与土地使用者签订。
第十二条 土地使用权出让最高年限按下列用途确定：
（一）居住用地七十年；
（二）工业用地五十年；
（三）教育、科技、文化、卫生、体育用地五十年；
（四）商业、旅游、娱乐用地四十年；
（五）综合或者其他用地五十年。
第十三条 土地使用权出让可以采取下列方式：
（一）协议；
（二）招标；
（三）拍卖。
依照前款规定方式出让土地使用权的具体程序和步骤，由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府规定。
第十四条 土地使用者应当在签订土地使用权出让合同后六十日内，支付全部土地使用权出让金。逾期未全部支付的，出让方有权解除合同，并可请求违约赔偿。
第十五条 出让方应当按照合同规定，提供出让的土地使用权。未按合同规定提供土地使用权的，土地使用者有权解除合同，并可请求违约赔偿。
第十六条 土地使用者在支付全部土地使用权出让金后，应当依照规定办理登记，领取土地使用证，取得土地使用权。
第十七条 土地使用者应当按照土地使用权出让合同的规定和城市规划的要求，开发、利用、经营土地。
未按合同规定的期限和条件开发、利用土地的，市、县人民政府土地管理部门应当予以纠正，并根据情节可以给予警告、罚款直至无偿收回土地使用权的处罚。
第十八条 土地使用者需要改变土地使用权出让合同规定的土地用途的，应当征得出让方同意并经土地管理部门和城市规划部门批准，依照本章的有关规定重新签订土地使用权出让合同，调整土地使用权出让金，并办理登记。

第三章 土地使用权转让
第十九条 土地使用权转让是指土地使用者将土地使用权再转移的行为，包括出售、交换和赠与。
未按土地使用权出让合同规定的期限和条件投资开发、利用土地的，土地使用权不得转让。
第二十条 土地使用权转让应当签订转让合同。
第二十一条 土地使用权转让时，土地使用权出让合同和登记文件中所载明的权利、义务随之转移。
第二十二条 土地使用者通过转让方式取得的土地使用权，其使用年限为土地使用权出让合同规定的使用年限减去原土地使用者已使用年限后的剩余年限。
第二十三条 土地使用权转让时，其地上建筑物、其他附着物所有权随之转让。
第二十四条 地上建筑物、其他附着物的所有人或者共有人，享有该建筑物、附着物使用范围内的土地使用权。
土地使用者转让地上建筑物、其他附着物所有权时，其使用范围内的土地使用权随之转让，但地上建筑物、其他附着物作为动产转让的除外。
第二十五条 土地使用权和地上建筑物、其他附着物所有权转让，应当依照规定办理过户登记。
土地使用权和地上建筑物、其他附着物所有权分割转让的，应当经市、县人民政府土地管理部门和房产管理部门批准，并依照规定办理过户登记。
第二十六条 土地使用权转让价格明显低于市场价格的，市、县人民政府有优先购买权。
土地使用权转让的市场价格不合理上涨时，市、县人民政府可以采取必要的措施。
第二十七条 土地使用权转让后，需要改变土地使用权出让合同规定的土地用途的，依照本条例第十八条的规定办理。

第四章 土地使用权出租
第二十八条 土地使用权出租是指土地使用者作为出租人将土地使用权随同地上建筑物、其他附着物租赁给承租人使用，由承租人向出租人支付租金的行为。
未按土地使用权出让合同规定的期限和条件投资开发、利用土地的，土地使用权不得出租。
第二十九条 土地使用权出租，出租人与承租人应当签订租赁合同。
租赁合同不得违背国家法律、法规和土地使用权出让合同的规定。
第三十条 土地使用权出租后，出租人必须继续履行土地使用权出让合同。
第三十一条 土地使用权和地上建筑物、其他附着物出租，出租人应当依照规定办理登记。

第五章 土地使用权抵押
第三十二条 土地使用权可以抵押。
第三十三条 土地使用权抵押时，其地上建筑物、其他附着物随之抵押。
地上建筑物、其他附着物抵押时，其使用范围内的土地使用权随之抵押。
第三十四条 土地使用权抵押，抵押人与抵押权人应当签订抵押合同。
抵押合同不得违背国家法律、法规和土地使用权出让合同的规定。
第三十五条 土地使用权和地上建筑物、其他附着物抵押，应当按照规定办理抵押登记。
第三十六条 抵押人到期未能履行债务或者在抵押合同期间宣告解散、破产的，抵押权人有权依照国家法律、法规和抵押合同的规定处分抵押财产。
因处分抵押财产而取得土地使用权和地上建筑物、其他附着物所有权的，应当依照规定办理过户登记。
第三十七条 处分抵押财产所得，抵押权人有优先受偿权。
第三十八条 抵押权因债务清偿或者其他原因而消灭的，应当依照规定办理注销抵押登记。

第六章 土地使用权终止
第三十九条 土地使用权因土地使用权出让合同规定的使用年限届满、提前收回及土地灭失等原因而终止。
第四十条 土地使用权期满，土地使用权及其地上建筑物、其他附着物所有权由国家无偿取得。土地使用者应当交还土地使用证，并依照规定办理注销登记。
第四十一条 土地使用权期满，土地使用者可以申请续期。需要续期的，应当依照本条例第二章的规定重新签订合同，支付土地使用权出让金，并办理登记。
第四十二条 国家对土地使用者依法取得的土地使用权不提前收回。在特殊情况下，根据社会公共利益的需要，国家可以依照法律程序提前收回，并根据土地使用者已使用的年限和开发、利用土地的实际情况给予相应的补偿。

第七章 划拨土地使用权
第四十三条 划拨土地使用权是指土地使用者通过各种方式依法无偿取得的土地使用权。
前款土地使用者应当依照《中华人民共和国城镇土地使用税暂行条例》的规定缴纳土地使用税。
第四十四条 划拨土地使用权，除本条例第四十五条规定的情况外，不得转让、出租、抵押。
第四十五条 符合下列条件的，经市、县人民政府土地管理部门和房产管理部门批准，其划拨土地使用权和地上建筑物，其他附着物所有权可以转让、出租、抵押：
（一）土地使用者为公司、企业、其他经济组织和个人；
（二）领有国有土地使用证；
（三）具有地上建筑物、其他附着物合法的产权证明；
（四）依照本条例第二章的规定签订土地使用权出让合同，向当地市、县人民政府补交土地使用权出让金或者以转让、出租、抵押所获收益抵交土地使用权出让金。
转让、出租、抵押前款划拨土地使用权的，分别依照本条例第三章、第四章和第五章的规定办理。
第四十六条 对未经批准擅自转让、出租、抵押划拨土地使用权的单位和个人，市、县人民政府土地管理部门应当没收其非法收入，并根据情节处以罚款。
第四十七条 无偿取得划拨土地使用权的土地使用者，因迁移、解散、撤销、破产或者其他原因而停止使用土地的，市、县人民政府应当无偿收回其划拨土地使用权，并可依照本条例的规定予以出让。
对划拨土地使用权，市、县人民政府根据城市建设发展需要和城市规划的要求，可以无偿收回，并可依照本条例的规定予以出让。
无偿收回划拨土地使用权时，对其地上建筑物、其他附着物，市、县人民政府应当根据实际情况给予适当补偿。

第八章 附则
第四十八条 依照本条例的规定取得土地使用权的个人，其土地使用权可以继承。
第四十九条 土地使用者应当依照国家税收法规的规定纳税。
第五十条 依照本条例收取的土地使用权出让金列入财政预算，作为专项基金管理，主要用于城市建设和土地开发。具体使用管理办法，由财政部另行制定。
第五十一条 各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府应当根据本条例的规定和当地的实际情况选择部分条件比较成熟的城镇先行试点。
第五十二条 外商投资从事开发经营成片土地的，其土地使用权的管理依照国务院的有关规定执行。
第五十三条 本条例由国家土地管理局负责解释；实施办法由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府制定。
第五十四条 本条例自发布之日起施行。

INTERIM REGULATIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA CONCERNINGTHE ASSIGNMENT AND TRANSFER OF THE RIGHT TO THE USE OF THE STATE-OWNEDLAND IN THE URBAN AREAS

Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)
INTERIM REGULATIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA CONCERNING
THE ASSIGNMENT AND TRANSFER OF THE RIGHT TO THE USE OF THE STATE-OWNED
LAND IN THE URBAN AREAS
(Promulgated by Decree No. 55 of the State Council of the People's
Republic of China on May 19, 1990 and effective as of the date of
promulgation)

Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1
These Regulations are formulated in order to reform the system of using
the State-owned land in the urban areas, rationally develop, utilize and
manage the land, strengthen land administration and promote urban
construction and economic development.
Article 2
The State, in accordance with the principle of the ownership being
separated from the right to the use of the land, implements the system
whereby the right to the use of the State-owned land in the urban areas
may be assigned and transferred, with the exclusion of the underground
resources, the objects buried underground, and the public works. The term
"State-owned land in the urban areas" as used in the preceding paragraph
refers to the land owned by the whole people (hereafter referred to as
"the land") within the limits of cities, county sites, administrative
towns and industrial and mining areas.
Article 3
Any company, enterprise, other organization and individual within or
outside the People's Republic of China may, unless otherwise provided by
law, obtain the right to the use of the land and engage in land
development, utilization and management in accordance with the provisions
of these Regulations.
Article 4
Users of the land who have obtained the right to the use of the land in
accordance with these Regulations may, within the term of land use,
transfer, lease, or mortgage the right to the use of the land or use it
for other economic activities, and their lawful rights and interests shall
be protected by the laws of the State.
Article 5
Users of the land shall, in their activities to develop, utilize and
manage the land, abide by the laws and regulations of the state and may
not jeopardize the interests of the society and the public.
Article 6
The land administrative departments under the people's governments at or
above the county level shall conduct supervision and inspection, according
to law, over the assignment, transfer, lease, mortgage and termination of
the right to the use of the land.
Article 7
The registration of the assignment, transfer, lease, mortgage and
termination of the right to the use of the land and the registration of
the above-ground buildings and other attached objects shall be handled by
the land administration department and housing administration departments
of the government in accordance with the law and the pertinent regulations
of the State Council.
The registration documents shall be made available for public reference.

Chapter II The Assignment of the Right to the Use of the Land
Article 8
The assignment of the right to the use of the land refers to the act of
the State as the owner of the land who, within the term of a certain
number of years, assigns the right to the use of the land to land users,
who shall in turn pay fees for the assignment thereof to the State.
An assignment contract shall be signed for assigning the right to the use
of the land.
Article 9
People's governments at the municipal and county levels shall be in charge
of assigning the right to the use of land, which shall be effected in a
planned, step-by-step way.
Article 10
The land administration departments under the people's governments at the
municipal and county levels shall, in conjunction with the administrative
departments for urban planning and construction and the housing
administration departments, draw up a plan concerning the size and
location, the purposes, the term, and other conditions with respect to the
assigning of the right to the use of the land. The plan shall be submitted
for approval in accordance with the limits of authority for approval as
stipulated by the State Council and shall then be implemented by the land
administration departments.
Article 11
The contract for assigning the right to the use of the land shall be
signed by and between the land administration departments under the
people's governments at the municipal and county levels (hereinafter
referred to as "the assigning party") and the land users in accordance
with the principle of equality, voluntariness and compensation for use.
Article 12
The maximum term with respect to the assigned right to the use of the land
shall be determined respectively in the light of the purposes listed
below:
(1) 70 years for residential purposes;
(2) 50 years for industrial purposes;
(3) 50 years for the purposes of education, science, culture, public
health and physical education;
(4) 40 years for commercial, tourist and recreational purposes; and
(5) 50 years for comprehensive utilization or other purposes.
Article 13
The assignment of the right to the use of the land may be carried out by
the following means:
(1) by reaching an agreement through consultations;
(2) by invitation to bid; or
(3) by auction.
The specific procedures and steps for assigning the right to the use of
the land by the means stipulated in the preceding paragraphs shall be
formulated by the people's government of the relevant province, automonous
region, or municipality directly under the Central Government.
Article 14
The land user shall, within 60 days of the signing of the contract for the
assignment of the right to the use of the land, pay the total amount of
the assignment fee thereof, failing which, the assigning party shall have
the right to terminate the contract and may claim compensation for breach
of contract.
Article 15
The assigning party shall, in compliance with the stipulations of the
contract, provide the right to the use of the land thus assigned, failing
which, the land user shall have the right to terminate the contract and
may claim compensation for breach of contract.
Article 16
After paying the total amount of the fee for the assignment of the right
to the use of the land, the land user shall, in accordance with the
relevant provisions, go through the registration thereof, obtain the
certificate for land use and accordingly the right to the use of the land.
Article 17
The land user shall, in conformity with the stipulations of the contract
for the assignment of the right to the use of land and the requirements of
city planning, develop, utilize and manage the land.
Should any land user fail to develop and utilize the land in accordance
with the period of time specified in the contract and the conditions
therein, the land administration departments under the people's
governments at the municipal and county levels shall make corrections and,
in light of the seriousness of the case, give such penalties as a warning,
a fine or, in an extreme case, withdrawing the right to the use of the
land without compensation.
Article 18
If the land user needs to alter the purposes of land use as stipulated in
the contract for assigning the right to the use of land, he shall obtain
the consent of the assigning party and the approval of the land
administration department and the urban planning department and shall, in
accordance with the relevant provisions in this Chapter, sign a new
contract for assigning the right to the use of the land, readjust the
amount of the assignment fee thereof, and undertake registration anew.

Chapter III The Transfer of the Right to the Use of the Land
Article 19
The transfer of the right to the use of the land refers to the land user's
act of re-assigning the right to the use of the land, including the sale,
exchange, and donation thereof. If the land has not been developed and
utilized in accordance with the period of time specified in the contract
and the conditions therein, the right to the use thereof may not be
transferred.
Article 20
A transfer contract shall be signed for the transfer of the right to the
use of the land.
Article 21
With the transfer of the right to the use of the land, the rights and
obligations specified in the contract for assigning the right to the use
of the land and in the registration documents shall be transferred
accordingly.
Article 22
The land user who has acquired the right to the use of the land by means
of the transfer thereof shall have a term of use which is the remainder of
the term specified in the contract for assigning the right to the use of
the land minus the number of the years in which the original land user has
used the land.
Article 23
With the transfer of the right to the use of the land, the ownership of
the above-ground buildings and other attached objects shall be transferred
accordingly.
Article 24
The owners or joint owners of the above-ground buildings and other
attached objects shall have the right to the use of the land within the
limits of use of the said buildings and objects.
With the transfer of the ownership of the above-ground buildings and other
attached objects by the land users, the right to the use of the land
within the limits of use of the said buildings and objects shall be
transferred accordingly, with the exception of the movables.
Article 25
With respect to the transfer of the right to the use of the land and of
the ownership of the above-ground buildings and other attached objects,
registration for the transfer shall be undertaken in accordance with the
relevant provisions.
Divided transfer of the right to the use of the land and of the ownership
of the above-ground buildings and other attached objects shall be subject
to the approval of the land administration department and the housing
administration departments under the people's governments at the municipal
and county levels, and registration for the divided transfer shall be
undertaken in accordance with the relevant provisions.
Article 26
When the transfer of the right to the use of the land is priced at a level
obviously lower than the prevailing market price, the people's governments
at the municipal and county levels shall have the priority of the purchase
thereof.
When the market price for the transfer of the right to the use of the land
rises to an unreasonable extent, the people's governments at the municipal
and county levels may take necessary measures to cope with it.
Article 27
If, after the transfer of the right to the use of the land, necessity
arises for altering the purposes of land use as stipulated in the contract
for assigning the right to the use of the land, it shall be handled in
accordance with the provisions in Article 18 of these Regulations.

Chapter IV The Lease of the Right to the Use of the Land
Article 28
The lease of the right to the use of the land refers to the act of the
land user as the lessor to lease the right to the use of the land together
with the above-ground buildings and other attached objects to the lessee
for use who shall in turn pay lease rentals to the lessor. If the land has
not been developed and utilized in accordance with the period of time
specified in the contract and the conditions therein, the right to the use
thereof may not be leased.
Article 29
A lease contract shall be signed for leasing the right to the use of the
land by and between the lessor and the lessee.
The lease contract shall not run counter to the laws and regulations of
the State or the stipulations of the contract for assigning the right to
the use of the land.
Article 30
After leasing the right to the use of the land, the lessee must continue
to perform the contract for assigning the right to the use of the land.
Article 31
With respect to the lease of the right to the use of the land together
with the above-ground buildings and other attached objects, the lessee
shall undertake registration in accordance with the relevant provisions.

Chapter V The Mortgage of the Right to the Use of the Land
Article 32
The right to the use of the land may be mortgaged.
Article 33
With the mortgage of the right to the use of the land, the above-ground
buildings and other attached objects thereon shall be mortgaged
accordingly.
With the above-ground buildings and other attached objects, the right to
the use of the land within the limits of use of the said buildings and
objects shall be mortgaged accordingly.
Article 34
A mortgage contract shall be signed for mortgaging the right to the use of
the land by and between the mortgagor and the mortgagee.
The mortgage contract shall not run counter to the laws and regulations of
the State or the stipulations of the contract for assigning the right to
the use of the land.
Article 35
With respect to the mortgage of the right to the use of the land together
with the above-ground buildings and other attached objects, registration
for the mortgage shall be undertaken in accordance with the relevant
provisions.
Article 36
If the mortgagor fails to fulfil liabilities within the prescribed period
of time or declares dissolution or bankruptcy within the term of the
mortgage contract, the mortgagee shall have the right to dispose of the
mortgaged property in accordance with the laws and regulations of the
State and the stipulations of the mortgage contract. With respect to the
right to the use of the land and the ownership of the above-ground
buildings and other attached objects acquired as a result of the disposal
of the mortgaged property, transfer registration shall be undertaken in
accordance with the relevant provisions.
Article 37
The mortgagee shall have the priority of compensation with respect to the
receipts resulting from the disposal of the mortgaged property.
Article 38
If the mortgage is eliminated as a result of the liquidation of
liabilities or for other reasons, procedures shall be undertaken to
nullify the mortgage registration.

Chapter VI The Termination of the Right to the Use of the Land
Article 39
The right to the use of the land terminate for such reasons as the
expiration of the term of use as stipulated in the contract for assigning
the right to the use of the land, the withdrawal of the right before the
expiration, or the loss of the land.
Article 40
Upon expiration of the term of use, the right to the use of the land and
the ownership of the above-ground buildings and other attached objects
thereon shall be acquired by the State without compensation. The land user
shall surrender the certificate for land use and undertake procedures to
nullify the registration.
Article 41
Upon expiration of the term of use, the land user may apply for its
renewal. Where such a renewal is necessary, a new contract shall be signed
in accordance with the provisions in Chapter II of these Regulations and
the land user shall pay the fee for the assignment of the right to the use
of the land and undertake registration.
Article 42
The State shall not withdraw before the expiration of the term of use the
right to the use of the land which the land user acquired in accordance
with the law. Under special circumstances, the State may, based on the
requirements of social public interests, withdraw the right before the
expiration of the term of use in line with the relevant legal procedures
and shall, based on the number of years in which the land user has used
the land and actual state of affairs with respect to the development and
utilization of the land, offer corresponding compensation.

Chapter VII The Allocated Right to the Use of the Land
Article 43
The allocated right to the use of the land refers to the right to the use
of the land which the land user acquires in accordance with the law, by
various means, and without compensation.
The land user referred to in the preceding paragraph shall pay tax for the
use of the land in accordance with the provisions of the Interim
Regulations of the People's Republic of China Concerning the Tax for the
Use of the Land in the Urban Areas.
Article 44
The allocated right to the use of the land may not be transferred, leased,
or mortgaged, with the exception of cases as specified in Article 45 of
these Regulations.
Article 45
On condition that the following requirements are satisfied, the allocated
right to the use of the land and the ownership of the above-ground
buildings and other attached objects may, subject to the approval of the
land administration departments and the housing administration departments
under the people's governments at the municipal and county levels, be
transferred, leased or mortgaged:
(1) the land users are companies, enterprises, or other economic
organizations, or individuals;
(2) a certificate for the use of state-owned land has been obtained;
(3) possessing legitimate certificates of property rights to the above-
ground buildings and other attached objects; and
(4) a contract for assigning the right to the use of land is signed in
accordance with the provisions in Chapter II of these Regulations and the
land user makes up for the payment of the assignment fee to the local
municipal or county people's government or uses the profits resulting from
the transfer, lease or mortgage to pay the assignment fee.
The transfer, lease or mortgage of the allocated right to the use of the
land referred to in the preceding paragraphs shall be handled respectively
in accordance with the provisions in Chapters III, IV and V of these
Regulations.
Article 46
Any units or individuals that transfers, lease or mortgage the allocated
right to the use of the land without authorization shall have their
illegal incomes thus secured confiscated by the land administration
departments under the people's governments at the municipal and county
levels and shall be fined in accordance with the seriousness of the case.
Article 47
If the land user who has acquired the allocated right to the use of the
land without compensation stops the use thereof as a result of moving to
another site, dissolution, disbandment, or bankruptcy or for other
reasons, the municipal or county people's government shall withdraw the
allocated right to the use of the land without compensation and may assign
it in accordance with the relevant provisions of these Regulations.
The municipal or county people's government may, based on the needs of
urban construction and development and the requirements of urban planning,
withdraw the allocated right to the use of the land without compensation
and may assign it in accordance with the relevant provisions of these
Regulations.
When the allocated right to the use of the land is withdrawn without
compensation, the municipal or county people's government shall, in the
light of the actual state of affairs, give due compensation for the above-
ground buildings and other attached objects thereon.

Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions
Article 48
The right to the use of the land may be inherited if it is acquired by
individuals in accordance with the provisions of these Regulations.
Article 49
The land user shall pay tax in accordance with the provisions of the tax
laws and regulations of the State.
Article 50
Fees collected by assigning the right to the use of the land in accordance
with these Regulations shall be included in the fiscal budget and managed
as a special fund, which shall be used mainly for urban construction and
land development. The specific measures for the use and management of the
fund shall be separately prescribed by the Ministry of Finance.
Article 51
The people's governments of various provinces, autonomous regions and
municipalities directly under the Central Government shall, in accordance
with the provisions of these Regulations and with the actual state of
affairs in their respective localities, select as their pilot testing
grounds some of the cities or towns where conditions are relatively ripe.
Article 52
With respect to foreign investors engaging in developing and managing
tracts of land, the administration of the right to the use of the land
shall be effected in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State
Council.
Article 53
The State Administration for Land Uses shall be responsible for the
interpretation of these Regulations; the measures for the implementation
thereof shall be formulated by the people's government of the provinces,
autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central
Government.
Article 54
These Regulations shall go into effect as of the date of promulgation.


新疆维吾尔自治区人民政府办公厅


新政办发〔2004〕99号
关于印发新疆维吾尔自治区水利工程管理体制改革实施方案的通知

伊犁哈萨克自治州,各州、市、县(市)人民政府,各行政公署,自治区人民政府各有关部门、各直属机构:
　　为全面贯彻、落实国务院办公厅转发关于《水利工程管理体制改革实施意见》,进一步推进我区水利工程管理体制改革工作,自治区水利厅、自治区经济体制改革办公室起草了《新疆维吾尔自治区水利工程管理体制改革实施方案》,已经自治区人民政府同意,现印发给你们,请认真遵照执行。
　　 二○○四年五月二十八日
　　

新疆维吾尔自治区水利工程管理
体制改革实施方案

　　为全面贯彻、落实国务院办公厅关于《水利工程管理体制改革实施意见》的精神,加快我区水利工程管理体制改革步伐,逐步建立起适应社会主义市场经济体制要求的管理体制和运行机制,特制定本实施方案:
　　一、水利工程管理体制改革的必要性及指导思想
　　(一)改革的必要性
　　我区地处欧亚大陆腹地,远离海洋,气候干旱,是典型的“荒漠绿洲,灌溉农业”,没有灌溉就没有农业。因此,水利在我区的国民经济建设和社会发展中占有特殊的重要地位。
　　新中国成立以来,我区地方系统共建成大中小型水库373座、水闸630座、渠道23万余公里、渠系建筑物46万余座、堤防5000余公里(其中达标堤防1377公里)、机电井3万余眼及排灌站638处,全区地方系统灌溉面积已达5000万亩,形成固定资产超过170亿元。初步形成了包括引、蓄、提、排、供水的工程体系,为我区的社会经济发展发挥了重要的基础保障作用。但是,由于我区水利工程主要服务对象是农业和农村,加之受资源、地域及环境的影响,决定了我区水利工程具有很强的公益性、非营利性和不可替代性。另一方面,由于我区水利工程管理长期受计划经济体制的束缚,工程产权单一,经营机制僵化,供水价格长期偏低,融资渠道不畅,致使我区水利工程不配套且老化失修严重,效益衰减,工程安全令人担忧;水管单位长期亏损经营,管理设施薄弱,难以为继;队伍不稳,行业贫穷。这些问题不仅严重影响水管单位的生存与发展,而且影响了我区国民经济的可持续发展。近年来,我区以推行“供水到户”为切入点,积极推进灌区管理体制和水管单位体制的改革,一些地区在改革方面已经有了突破性进展,积累了一些经验。但是全区水利工程管理体制和运行机制的改革,尚处于起步阶段,一些做法还不规范,有的甚至与水利产业政策相悖。因此,抓住当前有利时机,结合本地实际情况,尽快建立和完善与社会主义市场经济相适应的水利工程管理体制和运行机制,促使水管单位进入良性运行的发展轨道,显得尤为必要和迫切。
　　(二)改革的指导思想
　　水利工程管理体制改革指导思想是:以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导,认真贯彻党的十六大精神,以充分发挥水利工程经济效益、社会效益和生态效益为宗旨,按照有中国特色社会主义市场经济体制的要求,解放思想,更新观念,从我区水管行业实际出发,把解决当前的突出问题与促进水管行业可持续发展结合起来,理顺水利工程管理体制,激活水管单位内部运行机制,建立合理的水价形成机制和有效的水费计收方式,加快以节水为中心的灌区更新改造、续建配套和病险水库除险加固步伐,为自治区国民经济可持续发展提供有力的支撑和保障。
　　二、水利工程管理体制改革的原则和目标
　　基本原则是:坚持以公有制为主体,优化产权结构,积极培育多元化产权格局。
　　在改革中处理好水利工程社会效益和经济效益的关系,既要确保水利工程社会效益的充分发挥,又要引入市场竞争机制,降低运行成本,提高管理水平和经济效益;处理好水利工程建设与管理的关系,重视水利工程管理,加大工程管理的投入,从根本上解决重建轻管的问题;处理好责、权、利的关系,既要明确政府各部门和水管单位的权利和责任,又要在水管单位内部建立有效的约束和激励机制,使管理责任、工作业绩和职工的切身利益挂钩;处理好改革、发展、稳定的关系,从水利行业的实际出发,考虑各方面承受能力,把握好改革的时机和阶段。处理好近期目标与长期发展的关系,在努力实现近期目标的同时,又要确保水资源的可持续利用和生态环境的协调发展。
　　基本目标是:通过深化改革,力争在3—5年内,初步建立符合区情、水情和社会主义市场经济要求的水利工程管理体制和运行机制;
　　——建立职能清晰、权责明确的水利工程管理体制;
　　——建立管理科学、经营规范的水管单位运行机制;
　　——建立市场化、专业化和社会化的水利工程维修养护体系;
　　——建立合理的水价形成机制和有效的水费计收方式;——建立规范的资金投入、使用、管理与监督机制;——建立较为完善的政策、法律支撑体系。
　　三、水利工程管理体制改革的任务
　　(一)管理体制改革
按照社会主义市场经济发展的要求,逐步确立和明晰水利工程的产权和经营权,明确管理主体,强化工程管理,积极开展水利经营管理,提高经营管理水平。灌区提倡供水公司或水管单位加农民用水合作组织的管理形式。对国有水利资产的管理,仍由水管单位负责,全面推行经济目标管理责任制,明确责任,实现政府扶持建设,水管单位自主经营和高效运转;对支渠以下渠系工程,在明晰产权的基础上,健全用水户参与管理体系,由农民用水合作组织自主管理,充分调动用水户参与灌溉管理的积极性。水利工程管理体制应逐步改变目前灌区管理与流域管理相脱节的弊端,实现灌区与流域的统一管理。对于国家重点投资建设的各项技术含量高的水利工程由上级水行政主管部门管理。
　　(二)经营机制改革
　　以社会主义市场经济理论为指导,推行合同供水,供需双方直接见面,减少中间环节。供水合同由供水单位和购水单位签订,规定双方的权利和义务。水管单位的经营机制改革要配合农业产业化发展及农业种植结构的调整,做好供水服务,提高供水回报率。在确保农牧业生产用水的前提下,扩大向城市、工业及生态建设供水,发展多目标的供水市场,提高水的综合利用效益,实现水资源的优化配置。
　　(三)水管单位改革的主要内容
　　1.根据水管单位承担的任务、收益情况和自身特点,划分水管单位类别和性质。
　　(1)完全承担防洪、排涝等水利工程管理运行维护任务的水管单位,为纯公益性水管单位,定性为事业单位。
　　纯公益性水管单位其编制内在职人员经费、离退休人员经费、公用经费及工程日常维修养护经费等基本支出由同级财政负担。工程更新改造费用纳入基本建设投资计划,由计划部门在非经营性资金中安排。水利工程管理单位可在水利工程管理范围内,利用水土资源优势,采取多种方式发展一些不以营利为目的的种植业、养殖业等。
　　(2)承担既有防洪、排涝等公益性任务,又有供水、水力发电等经营性功能的水利工程管理运行维护任务的水管单位,为准公益性水管单位。
　　不具备自收自支条件的准公益性水管单位定性为事业单位,其编制内承担公益性任务的在职人员经费、离退休人员经费、公用经费等基本支出,以及公益性部分的工程日常维修养护经费等项支出,由同级财政负担,更新改造费用纳入基本建设投资计划,由计划部门在非经营性资金中安排;经营性部分的工程日常维修养护经费由经营收入支出,更新改造费用在折旧资金中列支,不足部分由计划部门在非经营性资金中安排。事业性质的准公益性水管单位的经营性资产收益和其他投资收益要纳入单位的经费预算。各级水行政主管部门应及时向同级财政部门报告该类水管单位各种收益的变化情况,以便财政部门实行动态核算,并适时调整财政补贴额度。事业性质的准公益性水管单位利用自身的水土资源、电力资源、人才资源和基础设施可以开展诸如种植、养殖、旅游等与水利工程有关的多种经营项目。具备自收自支条件的准公益性水管单位,定性为企业。目前已转制为企业的,维持企业性质不变。
　　(3)完全承担城市供水、水力发电等水利工程管理运行维护任务的水管单位,为经营性水管单位,定性为企业。
　　企业性质的水管单位,其所管理的水利工程的运行、管理和日常维修养护资金由水管单位自行筹集,财政不予补贴。企业性质的水管单位要加强资金积累,提高抗风险能力,确保水利工程维修养护资金的足额到位,保证水利工程的安全运行。
　　水管单位定性和分类按照水管单位的行政隶属关系,由自治区、地、(州、市)、县(市)编制委员会会同同级财政、水行政主管部门确定。
　　2.国家制定的《水利工程管理单位定岗标准》(简称《标准》)和《水利工程管理单位费用编制规定及定额》(简称《定额》)在没有正式颁布之前,各地可参照国家(《标准》征求意见稿)和本地有关财政预算编制及财务管理的规定测算。
　　3.大力推进水管单位人事、工资、劳动等制度改革,事业性质的水管单位,要按照精简、高效的原则,精减机构,控制人员编制。水管单位全面实行聘用制,按照《标准》和《定额》的要求,合理确定工作岗位,要以事定岗,按岗聘人,职工全部实行竞争上岗。职工实行上岗、试岗、待岗“三岗制”管理,水管单位负责人由主管部门通过竞争方式选任,定期考评,实行优胜劣汰。可根据岗位的不同,制定不同的岗位津贴,合理拉开档次。旨在建立一种干部能上能下、职工能进能出、津贴能高能低的激励机制。企业性质的水管单位按照现代企业制度运作。
　　对冗员的分流要立足于内部消化,主要通过大力发展多种经营、鼓励职工自谋职业、符合国家规定的允许提前退休等途径,解决分流人员的去向。各类水管单位应按照有关法律、法规和政策参加所在地的基本医疗、失业、养老等社会保险。
　　4.水利工程推行管养分离。水管单位在核编定员的基础上,结合本地的实际,积极推行水利工程管养分离,精简管理机构,提高养护水平,降低运行成本。管养分离可分三步走:
　　第一步,在水管单位内部实行管理和维修养护人员、经费分离,对维修养护实行内部合同管理,维修养护部门实行企业化运作;
　　第二步,将维修养护部门转变为企业,与水管单位分离,但仍以承担原单位的养护任务为主;
　　第三步,将工程维修养护业务从所属水管单位彻底剥离出来,独立或联合组建专业化养护企业,水管单位逐步实行通过招标方式择优确定维修养护企业。
5.事业性质的准公益性水管单位内部实行事企分开,公益性部分与经营性部分相对分开,财务相对独立。公益性部分主要承担防洪、排涝等有关公益方面的事务,经营性部分主要从事供水、水力发电及多种经营等。
　　6.水价改革
　　(1)实行供水到户,加快水价改革。
　　实行供水到户可以杜绝农业用水混乱局面,促进节约用水,减轻农民用水不合理负担,促进水价改革,提高水费的计收率。各地在供水到户的基础上,应不失时机的加快水价改革步伐。
　　已经推行供水到户的灌区,要加强末级渠道的管理及末级渠系水价核算,实行用水户最终结算水价制度。供水到户工作应不断完善和改进,提高供水质量,没有推行供水到户的灌区,应加强领导,采取有效措施,尽快在灌区实行供水到户,为水价改革打下坚实的基础。
　　(2)建立合理的水价形成机制,规范水价管理行为。按照《新疆维吾尔自治区水利工程供水价格管理办法》的要求,加强水利工程供水水价核算管理,根据成本的变化,做到适时调整。地、州、市水价制定和调整工作由自治区价格主管部门直接负责或由自治区价格主管部门委托地、州、市价格主管部门制定。
　　(3)加强对水费的计收、使用及管理工作。严格执行财政部颁布的《水利工程管理单位财务会计制度》,水费要按经营性收费进行管理、使用,提高水费使用的透明度,做到专款专用。水管单位计收水费必须开具统一印制的水利工程水费专用发票。按照国家的有关政策和规定,与税务部门进行协商,出台关于水利工程水费及水管单位开展多种经营等方面的税收优惠政策。
　　7.产权制度改革
　　小型农村水利工程要明晰所有权,探索建立以各种形式农民用水合作组织为主的管理体制,因地制宜,采用承包、租赁、拍卖、股份合作等灵活多样的经营方式和运行机制,具体办法另行制定。
　　8.投资体制改革
　　在水利工程投入上建立并形成以受益方筹措为主,积极争取国家支持的多级架构,形成多元化的投融资模式,一是国家、水管单位和受益者共同分担投资;二是试行经营性开发,由投资者从水利工程经营中取得回报。三是对一些小型工程试行拍卖、承包、租赁,吸纳社会资金。
9.完善新建水利工程管理体制
　　要实现新建水利工程建设与管理的有机结合。在制定建设方案的同时制定管理方案,核算管理成本,明确工程的管理体制、管理机构和运行管理经费来源,对没有管理方案的工程不予立项。要在工程建设过程中将管理设施与主体工程同步实施,管理设施不健全的工程不予验收。
　　10、加强依法管水的力度,完善各项规章制度。认真贯彻自治区实施新水法办法,制订《新疆维吾尔自治区水库安全管理办法》和《河道工程修建维护管理费征收管理办法》,修订《新疆维吾尔自治区水利管理条例》等法律、法规。
　　四、加强对水管体制改革的领导
　　(一)组织领导
　　水管体制改革是一项涉及面广、政策性强且情况复杂的系统工程,涉及到各方面的利益,事关我区经济发展和社会稳定的大局。自治区成立水利工程管理体制改革领导小组负责全区水管体制改革工作,领导小组下设办公室,负责日常工作。财政、编委、计委、民政、税务、体改、劳动、人事及国土资源管理等有关部门,应相互协调,密切配合,按照各自的职责分工,确保各项措施到位,全力支持水利工程管理体制的改革。各级政府务必切实加强领导,分工负责,依据本实施方案结合本地实际,制定具体的实施方案,把水管体制改革纳入考核各级干部政绩一项主要指标来抓,层层签订责任状,周密部署,精心组织,狠抓落实,及时解决改革中出现的各种矛盾和问题。各级水行政主管部门要充分发挥职能作用,加强行业管理,切实做好规划、协调、监督、服务等方面的工作。
　　新闻媒体应大力宣传报道水管单位的改革,通过宣传,使人们了解改革的必要性及改革所带来的好处。通过各有关部门的通力协作,使我区水管体制的改革健康、有序的进行。
　　(二)时间要求
　　水管体制改革工作分三个阶段进行:
　　第一阶段:组织、准备阶段,主要任务是宣传、动员、组建领导机构,开展调研、摸底、测算及试点工作,试点工作在2004年结束。
第二阶段:主要任务总结推广试点经验,全面落实实施方案,在2006年完成。
第三阶段:主要任务是组织验收,全面总结,在2007年完成。