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杭州市人民政府办公厅转发市物价局关于进一步完善杭州市区机动车停放收费管理实施办法的通知

作者:法律资料网 时间:2024-07-06 15:32:25  浏览:9545   来源:法律资料网
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杭州市人民政府办公厅转发市物价局关于进一步完善杭州市区机动车停放收费管理实施办法的通知

浙江省杭州市人民政府办公厅


杭州市人民政府办公厅转发市物价局关于进一步完善杭州市区机动车停放收费管理实施办法的通知

杭政办函〔2008〕211号

各区、县(市)人民政府,市政府各部门、各直属单位:
  市物价局拟订的《关于进一步完善杭州市区机动车停放收费管理的实施办法》已经市政府同意,现转发给你们,请遵照实施。

二○○八年六月五日


关于进一步完善杭州市区机动车
停放收费管理的实施办法
(市物价局 二○○八年五月二十九日)

  为进一步破解“停车难”,加强杭州市区机动车停放收费管理,规范收费行为,维护停车场经营者和车辆停放者的合法权益,促进停车业的健康有序发展,根据《中华人民共和国价格法》等法律法规的规定,现就完善杭州市区(不含萧山、余杭区,下同)机动车停放收费管理提出如下实施办法:
  一、市区范围内机动车停放收费行为及监督管理适用本办法。
  二、本办法所称机动车停放收费是指为机动车提供停放服务并收取费用的行为。
  三、市价格主管部门是杭州市区机动车停放收费工作的主管部门,负责对机动车停放收费的监督管理。市城市管理主管部门负责城市道路停车泊位收费的组织实施。公安、建设、工商、财政、税务等部门按照各自职责,协同做好机动车停放收费的相关管理工作。
  四、机动车停放收费定价形式。
  (一)市区道路停车泊位费,对外开放的机关事业单位和国有、国有控股企业的内部停车场的停车费,实行政府定价。
  (二)下列停车场所收费实行政府指导价管理:
  1.车站、码头、旅游景点等缺乏竞争、具有垄断性质的配套停车场所的收费;
  2.入城口停车场的收费;
  3.停放交通肇事、违法被强制拖离车辆的停车场的收费;
  4.住宅小区(含商住楼,下同)内配建的专供机动车停放的停车场所,以及住宅小区内道路上设置的机动车停车泊位的收费;
  5.鼓励医院、学校、博物馆、图书馆、体育馆(场)等单位的配套停车场免费开放,确需收费的,其收费实行政府指导价管理。
  (三)专业停车场和宾馆(饭店)、商场、娱乐场所、写字楼等的配套停车场所收费,实行市场调节价,由经营者根据经营成本和供求状况自主确定。鼓励宾馆(饭店)、商场、娱乐场所、写字楼等的配套停车场所免费开放。
  五、机动车停放收费标准。
  (一)对停车矛盾不突出、无人值守的区域,其道路停车泊位实行免费停车;对停车需求较大、有人值守的区域,其道路停车泊位可按管理成本收取停车泊位费。市区道路停车泊位费按不同区域和时段,实行不同的计费方式和收费标准。
  机关事业单位和国有、国有控股企业内部停车场应错时对外开放,鼓励其免收停车费;确需收费的,应按管理成本确定,但不得高于道路停车泊位费标准。
  (二)实行政府指导价的停车场所,其停车费标准上浮幅度为0,下浮幅度不限。由经营者在政府指导价基础上依据成本等因素提出具体收费标准,报市价格主管部门核准。
  (三)实行市场调节价的停车场所,其停车费标准由经营者按照补偿合理经营成本、依法纳税的原则自主确定。
  (四)为缓解西湖风景区内道路交通压力,鼓励自驾车游客通过换乘进入景区,旅游集散中心对换乘的小型车辆实行免费停放。同时,景区内部分停车场和道路停车的收费标准在节假日、旅游旺季双休日期间实行上浮。
  六、停车场所收取停车费须具备的条件:
  (一)公共停车场为社会提供车辆停放服务并收取费用的,其所有者或经营者应当向工商行政管理部门申请登记注册,领取营业执照,取得停车场经营资格。
  (二)市区道路停车泊位需由交警、城管和社区通过“三结合”的工作机制确定,明示为收费停车泊位的,方可收取停车泊位费。市区道路停车泊位的收费工作下放各区,由各区成立的道路停车收费服务中心组织实施。
  (三)住宅小区内设置道路停车泊位并实施停车收费的,应当符合规划、消防安全等方面要求,并征得各区政府停车管理相关机构和住宅小区业主或业主委员会同意。
  (四)对外开放的机关事业单位和国有、国有控股企业内部停车场收取停车费的,应由其后勤服务机构或新设立的相应机构,向工商行政管理部门申请登记注册,领取营业执照,取得停车经营资格。
  七、停车场所经营者在经营管理活动中应承担的职责:
  (一)经营者应按规定执行明码标价制度,在停车场所醒目位置设置明码标价牌,公布服务内容、定价形式、收费标准、收费依据、免费停放时间、投诉电话等。
  (二)使用税务部门统一监制的机动车停车收费票据。
  (三)负责场内设施的维修、保养、更新,保持场内交通标志、标线的清晰和完整。
  (四)维护场内车辆停放秩序和行驶秩序。
  (五)发放车辆进出时间联系单,作为停车收费依据。
  (六)遵守法律、法规和规章有关停车场所管理的规定。
  八、机动车停放者应当遵守的规定:
  (一)爱护停车设施。
  (二)接受停车场所工作人员的指挥调度,按照场内交通标志、标线有序停放车辆。
  (三)按照规定支付停车费。
  (四)遵守相关法律、法规和规章的规定。
  九、健全收费管理制度,规范机动车停放收费行为。
  (一)实行停车收费审核和备案制度。
  1.实行政府定价的市区道路停车泊位和确需收费的机关事业单位与国有、国有控股企业对外开放的停车场,实行政府指导价的车站、码头、旅游景点等缺乏竞争、具有垄断性质的配套停车场,入城口停车场,停放交通肇事、违法被强制拖离车辆的停车场,确需收费的医院、学校、博物馆、图书馆、体育馆(场)等单位的配套停车场,停车收费单位在实施收费前须到市价格主管部门办理审核手续。
  2.实行市场调节价的停车场所,经营者在实施收费前应到所在区价格主管部门办理备案手续。
  (二)实行市场调节价的停车场所,经营者应当遵循公平、合法和诚信原则。禁止串通涨价、哄抬价格、价格欺诈、价格歧视等不正当价格行为。
  (三)市区道路停车泊位费收入全额用于停车管理、停车设施维护和必要的停车服务,不得挪作他用。
  (四)住宅小区机动车停放管理单位应于每年年终公布机动车停放收费的收支情况,接受业主或业主委员会的监督。小区停车泊位收取的停车费,在扣除必要的管理费用后,要全部用于改善小区环境或公共设施。
  (五)室内停车库提供车辆停放服务,收取停车费后,不得再收取车位物业管理服务费等费用。
  (六)下列情况免收停车费:
  1.在经明示划定的道路免费停车泊位内停放的。
  2.在市区道路收费停车泊位、公共停车场(包括各类配套停车场和专业停车场)停车不超过15分钟的。
  3.在住宅小区内道路停车泊位停车不超过2个小时的。
  4.军车(含武警车辆),执行任务的警车、消防车、救护车、工程救险车。
  (七)交通肇事、违法被强制拖离现场的车辆,应按就近停放的原则处置,其收费按车辆停放停车场所的标准执行。
  十、各级价格主管部门应依法加强对机动车停放收费的监督检查,对违反机动车停放收费规定的,由价格主管部门按有关规定处理。违反公安、建设、城管、工商、财政、税务等部门管理规定的,由相关部门根据各自职责依法处理。
  十一、本办法自2008年7月1日起实施。原市政府办公厅《转发市物价局关于改革和规范杭州市区机动车停放收费实施办法的通知》(杭政办函〔2005〕245号)同时废止。


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中华人民共和国标准化法实施条例(附英文)

国务院


中华人民共和国标准化法实施条例(附英文)

1990年4月6日,国务院

第一章 总则
第一条 根据《中华人民共和国标准化法》(以下简称《标准化法》)的规定,制定本条例。
第二条 对下列需要统一的技术要求,应当制定标准:
(一)工业产品的品种、规格、质量、等级或者安全、卫生要求;
(二)工业产品的设计、生产、试验、检验、包装、储存、运输、使用的方法或者生产、储存、运输过程中的安全、卫生要求;
(三)有关环境保护的各项技术要求和检验方法;
(四)建设工程的勘察、设计、施工、验收的技术要求和方法;
(五)有关工业生产、工程建设和环境保护的技术术语、符号、代号、制图方法、互换配合要求;
(六)农业(含林业、牧业、渔业,下同)产品(含种子、种苗、种畜、种禽,下同)的品种、规格、质量、等级、检验、包装、储存、运输以及生产技术、管理技术的要求;
(七)信息、能源、资源、交通运输的技术要求。
第三条 国家有计划地发展标准化事业。标准化工作应当纳入各级国民经济和社会发展计划。
第四条 国家鼓励采用国际标准和国外先进标准,积极参与制定国际标准。

第二章 标准化工作的管理
第五条 标准化工作的任务是制定标准、组织实施标准和对标准的实施进行监督。
第六条 国务院标准化行政主管部门统一管理全国标准化工作,履行下列职责:
(一)组织贯彻国家有关标准化工作的法律、法规、方针、政策;
(二)组织制定全国标准化工作规划、计划;
(三)组织制定国家标准;
(四)指导国务院有关行政主管部门和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府标准化行政主管部门的标准化工作,协调和处理有关标准化工作问题;
(五)组织实施标准;
(六)对标准的实施情况进行监督检查;
(七)统一管理全国的产品质量认证工作;
(八)统一负责对有关国际标准化组织的业务联系。
第七条 国务院有关行政主管部门分工管理本部门、本行业的标准化工作,履行下列职责:
(一)贯彻国家标准化工作的法律、法规、方针、政策,并制定在本部门、本行业实施的具体办法;
(二)制定本部门、本行业的标准化工作规划、计划;
(三)承担国家下达的草拟国家标准的任务,组织制定行业标准;
(四)指导省、自治区、直辖市有关行政主管部门的标准化工作;
(五)组织本部门、本行业实施标准;
(六)对标准实施情况进行监督检查;
(七)经国务院标准化行政主管部门授权,分工管理本行业的产品质量认证工作。
第八条 省、自治区、直辖市人民政府标准化行政主管部门统一管理本行政区域的标准化工作,履行下列职责:
(一)贯彻国家标准化工作的法律、法规、方针、政策,并制定在本行政区域实施的具体办法;
(二)制定地方标准化工作规划、计划;
(三)组织制定地方标准;
(四)指导本行政区域有关行政主管部门的标准化工作,协调和处理有关标准化工作问题;
(五)在本行政区域组织实施标准;
(六)对标准实施情况进行监督检查。
第九条 省、自治区、直辖市有关行政主管部门分工管理本行政区域内本部门、本行业的标准化工作,履行下列职责:
(一)贯彻国家和本部门、本行业、本行政区域标准化工作的法律、法规、方针、政策,并制定实施的具体办法;
(二)制定本行政区域内本部门、本行业的标准化工作规划、计划;
(三)承担省、自治区、直辖市人民政府下达的草拟地方标准的任务;
(四)在本行政区域内组织本部门、本行业实施标准;
(五)对标准实施情况进行监督检查。
第十条 市、县标准化行政主管部门和有关行政主管部门的职责分工,由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府规定。

第三章 标准的制定
第十一条 对需要在全国范围内统一的下列技术要求,应当制定国家标准(含标准样品的制作):
(一)互换配合、通用技术语言要求;
(二)保障人体健康和人身、财产安全的技术要求;
(三)基本原料、燃料、材料的技术要求;
(四)通用基础件的技术要求;
(五)通用的试验、检验方法;
(六)通用的管理技术要求;
(七)工程建设的重要技术要求;
(八)国家需要控制的其他重要产品的技术要求。
第十二条 国家标准由国务院标准化行政主管部门编制计划,组织草拟,统一审批、编号、发布。
工程建设、药品、食品卫生、兽药、环境保护的国家标准,分别由国务院工程建设主管部门、卫生主管部门、农业主管部门、环境保护主管部门组织草拟、审批;其编号、发布办法由国务院标准化行政主管部门会同国务院有关行政主管部门制定。
法律对国家标准的制定另有规定的,依照法律的规定执行。
第十三条 对没有国家标准而又需要在全国某个行业范围内统一的技术要求,可以制定行业标准(含标准样品的制作)。制定行业标准的项目由国务院有关行政主管部门确定。
第十四条 行业标准由国务院有关行政主管部门编制计划,组织草拟,统一审批、编号、发布,并报国务院标准化行政主管部门备案。
行业标准在相应的国家标准实施后,自行废止。
第十五条 对没有国家标准和行业标准而又需要在省、自治区、直辖市范围内统一的工业产品的安全、卫生要求,可以制定地方标准。制定地方标准的项目,由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府标准化行政主管部门确定。
第十六条 地方标准由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府标准化行政主管部门编制计划,组织草拟,统一审批、编号、发布,并报国务院标准化行政主管部门和国务院有关行政主管部门备案。
法律对地方标准的制定另有规定的,依照法律的规定执行。
地方标准在相应的国家标准或行业标准实施后,自行废止。
第十七条 企业生产的产品没有国家标准、行业标准和地方标准的,应当制定相应的企业标准,作为组织生产的依据。企业标准由企业组织制定(农业企业标准制定办法另定),并按省、自治区、直辖市人民政府的规定备案。
对已有国家标准、行业标准或者地方标准的,鼓励企业制定严于国家标准、行业标准或者地方标准要求的企业标准,在企业内部适用。
第十八条 国家标准、行业标准分为强制性标准和推荐性标准。
下列标准属于强制性标准:
(一)药品标准,食品卫生标准,兽药标准;
(二)产品及产品生产、储运和使用中的安全、卫生标准,劳动安全、卫生标准,运输安全标准;
(三)工程建设的质量、安全、卫生标准及国家需要控制的其他工程建设标准;
(四)环境保护的污染物排放标准和环境质量标准;
(五)重要的通用技术术语、符号、代号和制图方法;
(六)通用的试验、检验方法标准;
(七)互换配合标准;
(八)国家需要控制的重要产品质量标准。
国家需要控制的重要产品目录由国务院标准化行政主管部门会同国务院有关行政主管部门确定。
强制性标准以外的标准是推荐性标准。
省、自治区、直辖市人民政府标准化行政主管部门制定的工业产品的安全、卫生要求的地方标准,在本行政区域内是强制性标准。
第十九条 制定标准应当发挥行业协会、科学技术研究机构和学术团体的作用。
制定国家标准、行业标准和地方标准的部门应当组织由用户、生产单位、行业协会、科学技术研究机构、学术团体及有关部门的专家组成标准化技术委员会,负责标准草拟和参加标准草案的技术审查工作。未组成标准化技术委员会的,可以由标准化技术归口单位负责标准草拟和参加标准草案的技术审查工作。
制定企业标准应当充分听取使用单位、科学技术研究机构的意见。
第二十条 标准实施后,制定标准的部门应当根据科学技术的发展和经济建设的需要适时进行复审。标准复审周期一般不超过五年。
第二十一条 国家标准、行业标准和地方标准的代号、编号办法,由国务院标准化行政主管部门统一规定。
企业标准的代号、编号方法,由国务院标准化行政主管部门会同国务院有关行政主管部门规定。
第二十二条 标准的出版、发行办法,由制定标准的部门规定。

第四章 标准的实施与监督
第二十三条 从事科研、生产、经营的单位和个人,必须严格执行强制性标准。不符合强制性标准的产品,禁止生产、销售和进口。
第二十四条 企业生产执行国家标准、行业标准、地方标准或企业标准,应当在产品或其说明书、包装物上标注所执行标准的代号、编号、名称。
第二十五条 出口产品的技术要求由合同双方约定。
出口产品在国内销售时,属于我国强制性标准管理范围的,必须符合强制性标准的要求。
第二十六条 企业研制新产品、改进产品、进行技术改造,应当符合标准化要求。
第二十七条 国务院标准化行政主管部门组织或授权国务院有关行政主管部门建立行业认证机构,进行产品质量认证工作。
第二十八条 国务院标准化行政主管部门统一负责全国标准实施的监督。国务院有关行政主管部门分工负责本部门、本行业的标准实施的监督。
省、自治区、直辖市标准化行政主管部门统一负责本行政区域内的标准实施的监督。省、自治区、直辖市人民政府有关行政主管部门分工负责本行政区域内本部门、本行业的标准实施的监督。
市、县标准化行政主管部门和有关行政主管部门,按照省、自治区、直辖市人民政府规定的各自的职责,负责本行政区域内的标准实施的监督。
第二十九条 县级以上人民政府标准化行政主管部门,可以根据需要设置检验机构,或者授权其他单位的检验机构,对产品是否符合标准进行检验和承担其他标准实施的监督检验任务。检验机构的设置应当合理布局,充分利用现有力量。
国家检验机构由国务院标准化行政主管部门会同国务院有关行政主管部门规划、审查。地方检验机构由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府标准化行政主管部门会同省级有关行政主管部门规划、审查。
处理有关产品是否符合标准的争议,以本条规定的检验机构的检验数据为准。
第三十条 国务院有关行政主管部门可以根据需要和国家有关规定设立检验机构,负责本行业、本部门的检验工作。
第三十一条 国家机关、社会团体、企业事业单位及全体公民均有权检举、揭发违反强制性标准的行为。

第五章 法律责任
第三十二条 违反《标准化法》和本条例有关规定,有下列情形之一的,由标准化行政主管部门或有关行政主管部门在各自的职权范围内责令限期改进,并可通报批评或给予责任者行政处分:
(一)企业未按规定制定标准作为组织生产依据的;
(二)企业未按规定要求将产品标准上报备案的;
(三)企业的产品未按规定附有标识或与其标识不符的;
(四)企业研制新产品、改进产品、进行技术改造,不符合标准化要求的;
(五)科研、设计、生产中违反有关强制性标准规定的。
第三十三条 生产不符合强制性标准的产品的,应当责令其停止生产,并没收产品,监督销毁或作必要技术处理;处以该批产品货值金额百分之二十至百分之五十的罚款;对有关责任者处以五千元以下罚款。
销售不符合强制性标准的商品的,应当责令其停止销售,并限期追回已售出的商品,监督销毁或作必要技术处理;没收违法所得;处以该批商品货值金额百分之十至百分之二十的罚款;对有关责任者处以五千元以下罚款。
进口不符合强制性标准的产品的,应当封存并没收该产品,监督销毁或作必要技术处理;处以进口产品货值金额百分之二十至百分之五十的罚款;对有关责任者给予行政处分,并可处以五千元以下罚款。
本条规定的责令停止生产、行政处分,由有关行政主管部门决定;其他行政处罚由标准化行政主管部门和工商行政管理部门依据职权决定。
第三十四条 生产、销售、进口不符合强制性标准的产品,造成严重后果,构成犯罪的,由司法机关依法追究直接责任人员的刑事责任。
第三十五条 获得认证证书的产品不符合认证标准而使用认证标志出厂销售的,由标准化行政主管部门责令其停止销售,并处以违法所得二倍以下的罚款;情节严重的,由认证部门撤销其认证证书。
第三十六条 产品未经认证或者认证不合格而擅自使用认证标志出厂销售的,由标准化行政主管部门责令其停止销售,处以违法所得三倍以下的罚款,并对单位负责人处以五千元以下罚款。
第三十七条 当事人对没收产品、没收违法所得和罚款的处罚不服的,可以在接到处罚通知之日起十五日内,向作出处罚决定的机关的上一级机关申请复议;对复议决定不服的,可以在接到复议决定之日起十五日内,向人民法院起诉。当事人也可以在接到处罚通知之日起十五日内,直接向人民法院起诉。当事人逾期不申请复议或者不向人民法院起诉又不履行处罚决定的,由作出处罚决定的机关申请人民法院强制执行。
第三十八条 本条例第三十二条至第三十六条规定的处罚不免除由此产生的对他人的损害赔偿责任。受到损害的有权要求责任人赔偿损失。赔偿责任和赔偿金额纠纷可以由有关行政主管部门处理,当事人也可以直接向人民法院起诉。
第三十九条 标准化工作的监督、检验、管理人员有下列行为之一的,由有关主管部门给予行政处分,构成犯罪的,由司法机关依法追究刑事责任:
(一)违反本条例规定,工作失误,造成损失的;
(二)伪造、篡改检验数据的;
(三)徇私舞弊、滥用职权、索贿受贿的。
第四十条 罚没收入全部上缴财政。对单位的罚款,一律从其自有资金中支付,不得列入成本。对责任人的罚款,不得从公款中核销。

第六章 附则
第四十一条 军用标准化管理条例,由国务院、中央军委另行制定。
第四十二条 工程建设标准化管理规定,由国务院工程建设主管部门依据《标准化法》和本条例的有关规定另行制定,报国务院批准后实施。
第四十三条 本条例由国家技术监督局负责解释。
第四十四条 本条例自发布之日起施行。(附英文)

REGULATIONS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STANDARDIZATION LAW OFTHE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)
REGULATIONS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STANDARDIZATION LAW OF
THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
(Promulgated by Decree No. 53 of the State Council of the People's
Republic of China on April 6, 1990 and effective as of the date of
promulgation)

Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1
These Regulations are formulated in accordance with the provisions of the
Standardization Law of the People's Republic of China (hereinafter
referred to as the Standardization Law).
Article 2
Standards should be formulated for the following technical requirements
that need to be unified:
(1) varieties, specifications, quality and grades of industrial products
or requirements pertinent to safety and hygiene;
(2) methods for design, production, experimentation, examination, packing,
storage, transportation and utilization of industrial products or
requirements pertinent to safety and hygiene in the course of production,
storage and transportation;
(3) various technical requirements and methods for examination concerning
environmental protection;
(4) technical requirements and methods for surveying, designing,
construction and examination and acceptance in building projects;
(5) technical terms, symbols, codes, drafting methods and requirements for
conversion and coordination concerning industrial production, project
construction and environmental protection;
(6) varieties, specifications, quality, grades, examination, packing,
storage, transportation and requirements for production technology and
management expertise concerning agricultural products (including seeds,
seedlings, breeding stock and breeding poultry and those in forestry,
animal husbandry and fishery; the same below);
(7) technical requirements concerning information, energy, resources, and
transport.
Article 3
The State develops standardization undertakings in a planned way.
Standardization work should be included in the plans for national economic
and social development at the various levels.
Article 4
The State encourages the adoption of international standards and advanced
standards abroad and takes an active part in the formulation of
international standards.

Chapter II Administration of Standardization Work
Article 5
The task for those who are in charge of standardization work is:
formulating standards, organizing the implementation of standards and
exercising supervision over the implementation of standards.
Article 6
The competent department in charge of standardization under the State
Council exercises unified leadership over the standardization work
throughout the country, and it performs the following duties:
(1) organizing the implementation of the State's laws, regulations,
policies and measures concerning standardization;
(2) organizing the formulation of programmes and plans concerning
standardization work in the whole country;
(3) organizing the formulation of national standards;
(4) providing guidance to the relevant competent departments under the
State Council and administrative departments for standardization work in
the people's governments in the provinces, autonomous regions and the
municipalities directly under the Central Government in their
standardization work, and coordinating work in this field and dealing with
problems arising therein;
(5) organizing the implementation of standards;
(6) conducting supervision over and inspection on the implementation of
standards;
(7) exercising unified leadership over attestation of product quality in
the whole country;
(8) taking overall responsibility for professional contacts with the
relevant international standardization organizations.
Article 7
The relevant competent departments under the State Council are responsible
for the standardization work in their own departments or trades. They
shall perform the following duties:
(1) implementing the State's laws, regulations, policies and measures
concerning standardization work and formulating specific procedures for
their implementation in their departments and trades;
(2) formulating programmes and plans concerning standardization work in
their departments and trades;
(3) undertaking tasks assigned by the State of drafting state standards
and organizing the formulation of the standards in their respective
trades;
(4) providing guidance to the relevant competent authorities in the
provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the
Central Government in their standardization work;
(5) organizing the implementation of the standards in their departments
and trades;
(6) conducting supervision over and inspection on the implementation of
standards;
(7) taking charge of attestation of product quality in their own trades on
the authorization from the competent department in charge of
standardization under the State Council.
Article 8
The administrative departments for standardization in the people's
governments in the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities
directly under the Central Government exercise unified leadership over
standardization work in their respective administrative regions, and shall
perform the following duties:
(1) implementing the State's laws, regulations, policies and measures
concerning standardization work and formulating specific procedures for
their implementation in their respective administrative regions;
(2) formulating local programmes and plans concerning standardization
work;
(3) organizing the formulation of local standards;
(4) providing guidance to the relevant administrative authorities in their
own administrative regions in their standardization work, and coordinating
work in this field and dealing with problems arising therein;
(5) organizing the implementation of the standards in their respective
administrative regions;
(6) conducting supervision over and inspection on the implementation of
the standards.
Article 9
The relevant competent administrative authorities in the provinces,
autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central
Government are responsible for the standardization work in their own
departments and trades in the respective administrative regions, and shall
perform the following duties:
(1) implementing the laws, regulations, policies and measures concerning
standardization work formulated by the State and their respective
departments, trades and administrative regions and formulating specific
procedures for their implementation;
(2) formulating programmes and plans concerning standardization work for
their own departments and trades in the respective administrative regions;
(3) undertaking the tasks of drafting local standards assigned by the
people's governments in the provinces, autonomous regions and
municipalities directly under the Central Government;
(4) organizing the implementation of the standards in their own
departments and trades in the respective administrative regions;
(5) conducting supervision over and inspection on the implementation of
the standards.
Article 10
The division of the duties of the administrative departments in charge of
standardization and the relevant competent administrative authorities in
municipalities and counties shall be stipulated by the people's
governments in the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities
directly under the Central Government.

Chapter III The Formulation of Standards
Article 11
National standards (including making sample standards) should be
formulated for the following technical requirements that need to be
unified throughout the country:
(1) requirements for standardizing commonly used technical terms;
(2) technical requirements for guaranteeing human health and personal and
property safety;
(3) technical requirements for essential raw materials, fuels and
processed materials;
(4) technical requirements for commonly used basic spare parts;
(5) commonly used methods of experimentation and examination;
(6) technical requirements for commonly used management expertise;
(7) important technical requirements in project construction;
(8) technical requirements for the other important products that must be
controlled by the State.
Article 12
In formulating national standards, the administrative department in charge
of standardization under the State Council shall be responsible for making
plans, organizing drafting, examination and approval, numbering and
promulgation. In formulating national standards for project construction,
pharmaceuticals, food hygiene, veterinary medicine and environmental
protection, the competent departments in charge of project construction,
public health, agriculture and environmental protection under the State
Council shall be responsible for organizing drafting and examination and
approval in their respective departments. The procedures for numbering and
promulgation shall be formulated by the administrative department in
charge of standardization under the State Council in conjunction with the
relevant competent departments under the State Council.
Where there are, in law, provisions different from those above for the
formulation of national standards, those provisions in law shall prevail.
Article 13
If there are no national standards for those technical requirements which
need to be standardized for certain trades throughout the country, trade
standards (including the making of sample standards) may be formulated.
Items of trade standards to be formulated shall be determined by the
relevant competent administrative departments under the State Council.
Article 14
In formulating trade standards, the relevant competent administrative
departments under the State Council shall be responsible for drawing up
plans, organizing drafting, examination and approval, numbering and
promulgation and they should report to the administrative department in
charge of standardization under the State Council for the record.
Trade standards shall be null and void automatically after the
corresponding national standards have taken effect.
Article 15
Local standards may be formulated for the safety and sanitation
requirements for industrial goods which need to be unified in the
provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the
Central Government, in the absence of national standards or trade
standards for them. Items of local standards to be formulated shall be
determined by the administrative departments for standardization of the
people's governments in the provinces, autonomous regions and
municipalities directly under the Central Government.
Article 16
In formulating local standards, the administrative departments for
standardization of the people's governments in the provinces, autonomous
regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall be
responsible for drawing up plans, organizing drafting, examination and
approval, numbering and promulgation, and they should report to the
administrative department in charge of standardization under the State
Council and the relevant competent departments under the Council for the
record. Where there are, in law, provisions different from those above
for the formulation of local standards, those provisions in law shall
prevail.
Local standards shall be null and void automatically after the
corresponding national standards or trade standards go into effect.
Article 17
In the absence of national standards, trade standards and local standards
for certain products, the enterprises producing such products shall
formulate their own standards as the basis for organizing production.
Enterprise standards shall be formulated by the relevant enterprises
themselves (procedures for formulating standards for agricultural
enterprises shall be provided for separately), and shall be filed for the
record in accordance with the provisions of the people's governments in
the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the
Central Government.
Where there are already national standards, trade standards and local
standards, enterprises should be encouraged to formulate enterprise
standards which are stricter than the corresponding national, trade or
local standards and apply them within their enterprises.
Article 18
National standards and trade standards are divided into compulsory
standards and recommendatory standards.
The following standards belong in the compulsory category:
(1) standards for pharmaceuticals, food hygiene and veterinary medicine;
(2) safety and hygiene standards for products and the production, storage
and transportation and utilization of products; standards for the safety
of labour and hygiene standards and safety standards for transportation;
(3) quality, safety and sanitation standards for project construction and
other standards for project construction that must be controlled by the
State;
(4) standards for the discharge of pollutants concerning environmental
protection and standards for environmental quality;
(5) important technical terms, symbols, codes and drafting methods in
common use;
(6) standards for commonly used methods of experimentation and
examination;
(7) standards for conversion and coordination;
(8) quality standards for the important products which need to be
controlled by the State. The catalogue of the important products which
need to be controlled by the State shall be fixed by the administrative
department for standardization under the State Council in conjunction with
the relevant competent administrative departments under the State Council.
Those standards which are not compulsory are recommendatory standards.
The local standards for safety and hygiene requirements for industrial
products formulated by the administrative departments in charge of
standardization of the people's governments in the provinces, autonomous
regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government are
compulsory standards in their respective administrative regions.
Article 19
Trade associations, research institutions for science and technology, and
academic organizations should be given a role to play in formulating
standards. The departments responsible for formulating national, trade
and local standards should set up standardization technical committees
consisting of experts from users, production units, trade associations,
research institutions for science and technology, academic organizations
and the departments concerned, which shall be responsible for drafting
standards and examining the technical aspects of the drafts. Where
standardization technical committees have not been set up, the units
charged with specific responsibility for standardization technology may
take charge of drafting standards and examining the technical aspects of
the drafts.
It is necessary to heed fully the opinions of the users and research
institutions for science and technology in formulating enterprise
standards.
Article 20
After standards go into effect, the departments which formulated the
standards shall carry out timely reexaminations in light of the
development of science and technology and the needs of economic
construction. Normally, reexamination should be conducted every five
years, at the longest.
Article 21
The procedures of coding and numbering for national, trade and local
standards shall be provided for by the administrative department in charge
of standardization under the State Council.
The procedures of coding and numbering for enterprise standards shall be
provided for by the administrative department in charge of standardization
under the State Council in conjunction with the relevant competent
administrative departments under the State Council.
Article 22
The procedures of publication and distribution of standards shall be
stipulated by the departments which have formulated the standards.

Chapter IV Implementation and Supervision Concerning Standards
Article 23
Any units and individuals that are engaged in scientific research,
production and operation must strictly implement compulsory standards. The
products which do not measure up to compulsory standards may not be
allowed to be produced, marketed or imported.
Article 24
Enterprises may go by the national, trade and local standards or
enterprise standards in production. The codes, serial numbers and names of
the standards should be marked on their products, or written in the
technical manuals or on the packages.
Article 25
The technical requirements for export products shall be agreed upon by the
two contracting parties.
When those export products which should be subject to compulsory standards
of China are sold at domestic markets, they must meet the requirements of
the relevant compulsory standards.
Article 26
Enterprises should meet standardization requirements in developing new
products, improving products or carrying out technical innovations.
Article 27
The administrative department in charge of standardization under the State
Council organizes or authorizes the relevant competent departments under
the State Council to set up trade attestation agencies for carrying out
product quality attestation.
Article 28
The administrative department in charge of standardization under the State
Council shall be responsible for the supervision over the implementation
of standards throughout the country. The relevant administrative
departments under the State Council shall be responsible for the
supervision over the implementation of the standards in their respective
departments and trades.
The administration departments for standardization in the provinces,
autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central
Government shall be responsible for the supervision over the
implementation of the standards in their respective administrative areas.
The relevant administrative authorities in the people's governments in the
provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the
Central Government shall be responsible for the supervision over the
implementation of the standards in their departments and trades in the
respective administrative areas.
The administrative departments for standardization and the relevant
administrative authorities in municipalities and counties shall be
responsible for the supervision over the implementation of the standards
in their respective administrative areas according to the duties assigned
to them by the people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions
and municipalities directly under the Central Government.
Article 29
The administrative departments in charge of standardization in the
people's governments above county level may, according to their needs, set
up examination agencies or authorize the examination agencies of other
units to ensure products are up to the standards and undertake other tasks
of supervision and examination concerning the implementation of standards
in setting up examination agencies, attention should be paid to a rational
geographical allocation and making full use of the available personnel and
facilities.
The establishment of state examination agencies shall be planned and
examined by the administrative department in charge of standardization
under the State Council in conjunction with the relevant administrative
departments under the State Council. The establishment of local
examination agencies shall be planned and examined by the administrative
departments in charge of standardization in the people's governments of
the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the
Central Government in conjunction with the relevant administrative
authorities at provincial level. The data provided by the examination
agencies stipulated in this Article shall be taken as the criterion in
solving disputes over whether certain products are up to the relevant

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周某与西安爱润建材科技公司侵犯商业秘密纠纷上诉案

唐青林


一、案件来源
西安市中级人民法院(2008)西民四初字第 236号、陕西省高级人民法院(2009)陕民三终字第44号判决书。

二、案件要旨
商业秘密要保持其秘密性,权利人必须采取一定的措施。法院会根据所涉信息载体的特性、权利人保密的意愿、保密措施的可识别程度、他人通过正当方式获得的难易程度等因素,认定权利人是否采取了保密措施。法律并不要求保密措施是万无一失的,只要达到了通常理解的合理保护即可。


三、基本案情
2003年3月11日西安飞机工业(集团)有限责任公司挂板厂(以下简称挂板厂)与周某签订《合作协议》,约定挂板厂委托周某研制可用于制作蜂窝板专用胶膜的粘胶剂,有关试验费用由挂板厂承担,挂板厂以后自行生产胶膜时,周某的配方按技术股方式入股并可获得年终分红。协议签订后,周某依约进行了研制测试工作,并交付了研发成果。但之后挂板厂却未自行生产,而是由厂长杨某私自做主让西安爱润建材科技公司(以下简称爱润公司)无偿使用,且双方间签订了1844400元的胶膜采购合同。对此,周某于2009年以爱润公司侵犯其商业秘密为由向西安市中级人民法院提起诉讼。
而在此之前,2006年12月周某已以挂板厂未向其支付技术研发收益为由,向西飞公司、西安飞机工业(集团)金属幕墙挂板有限公司提起诉讼。西安市中级人民法院于2007年10月判决,判令西飞公司支付周某技术开发收益7万元。宣判后,西飞公司不服,向陕西省高级人民法院提起上诉,后被二审法院判决驳回上诉,维持原判。
在本案庭审中,原、被告双方均表示对涉案胶膜技术未采取保密措施,原告周某也未提交爱润公司生产的胶膜与其所主张的技术秘密相同或实质相同的直接证据。

四、法院审理
原审法院认为,本院争议的焦点问题是爱润公司是否侵犯了周某的商业秘密。所谓商业秘密是指不为公众所知悉,能为权利人带来经济收益,具有实用性并经权利人采取保密措施的技术信息和经营信息。本案中,周某曾当庭表示其对涉案的胶膜技术并未采取具体保密措施,也无证据证明爱润公司实施的胶膜技术与其研发的胶膜技术相同或者实质相同,且通过不正当手段获取。因此,依照 “当事人对自己提出的诉讼请求所依据的事实或者反驳对方诉讼请求所依据的事实有责任提供证据加以证明”的规定,周某由于缺乏证据证明,其主张爱润公司侵犯其商业秘密的诉由不被支持,一审判决驳回原告的诉讼请求。
一审宣判后,周某提出上诉,认为上诉人及挂板厂都对涉案技术采取了保密措施,且被上诉人已经承认其所使用的技术与上诉人开发的技术相同,所以上诉人无需举证,而被上诉人使用涉案技术并未得到西飞公司的许可。故被上诉人的行为侵犯了上诉人的商业秘密,因此,请求撤销原判,判处被上诉人赔偿上诉人30万元。
爱润公司则辨称:上诉人并无证据证明涉案技术是商业秘密,原审适用法律正确。因此,请求维持原判决。
二审法院经审理后认为,根据最高人民法院《关于审理不正当竞争民事案件应用法律若干问题的解释》(以下简称《解释》)第十四条“当事人指称他人侵犯其商业秘密的,应当对其拥有的商业秘密符合法定条件,对方当事人的信息与其商业秘密相同或者实质相同以及对方当事人采取不正当手段的事实负举证责任。其中,商业秘密符合法定条件的证据,包括商业秘密的载体、具体内容、商业价值和对该项商业秘密所采取的具体保密措施等”。周某一审时曾当庭表示其对涉案的胶膜技术并未采取具体保密措施,而二审中其所提供的工作笔记本中的试验纪录、笔记本的保管情况及西飞知识产权管理条例等,并不足以证明其对涉案技术采取了保密措施,故周某主张爱润公司侵犯其商业秘密的诉讼请求缺乏证据证明。
因此,综上,陕西省高级人民法院认为原审查明的案件事实清楚,判处适当,程序合法,判决驳回上诉,维持原判。

五、律师点评
根据国家工商行政管理局《关于商业秘密构成要件问题的答复》(工商公字〔1998〕第109号):“商业秘密的构成要件有三:一是该信息不为公众所知悉,即该信息是不能从公开渠道直接获取的;二是该信息能为权利人带来经济利益,具有实用性;三是权利人对该信息采取了保密措施。”一项经营或技术信息要成为商业秘密,必须具备以上三项构成要件。在本案中,我们要关注的是第三项,即权利人对商业秘密所采取的保密措施问题。
商业秘密要保持其秘密性,权利人必须采取一定的措施,以维持它的不为人知性。根据《最高人民法院关于审理不正当竞争民事案件应用法律若干问题的解释》第十一条,权利人为防止信息泄漏所采取的与其商业价值等具体情况相适应的合理保护措施应是:“根据所涉信息载体的特性、权利人保密的意愿、保密措施的可识别程度、他人通过正当方式获得的难易程度等因素,认定权利人是否采取了保密措施。”
那么权利人采取了怎样的措施,才能被认定为是合理的呢?根据该条第三款:“具有下列情形之一,在正常情况下足以防止涉密信息泄漏的,应当认定权利人采取了保密措施(一)限定涉密信息的知悉范围;(二)对于涉密信息采取加锁等防范措施;(三)在涉密信息的载体上标有保密标志;(四)对于涉密信息采用密码或者代码;(五)签订保密协议;(六)对于涉密的机房、厂房、车间等场所限制来访者或者提出保密要求;(七)确保信息秘密的其他合理措施。”
也就是说,法律是根据权利人是否已尽到合理的努力保护自身的商业秘密,以此来考察是否采取了合理的保密措施。权利人必须主观上有保护相关信息的意识,并在客观上表现出一定的行为。对此,企业一般需在自身的软件和硬件方面下功夫。软件是指制度、管理层面,企业通过规章制度、与员工签订保密协议等方式,将相关商业秘密性质、违反的处罚等,特别是商业秘密的范围及保护要求予以列明;硬件方面则指通过物理隔离、人员监管、分层次审批等方式阻碍员工及外来人员轻易的接触到企业的商业秘密,并以此警告心怀不轨的人员,若侵犯企业的商业秘密,必将承担一定法律责任。
在本案中,周某自身未对其商业秘密的范围、性质予以认定,也未事先采取任何的保护措施,更是未与挂板厂及爱润公司签订任何关于商业秘密保护的协议。因而,其商业秘密未能获得法律的承认和保护也就只能自己哑巴吃黄连,有苦说不出了。


编者注:本文摘自北京市安中律师事务所唐青林律师主编的《中国侵犯商业秘密案件百案类评》(中国法制出版社出版)。唐青林律师近年来办理了大量侵犯商业秘密的民事案件,为多起涉嫌侵犯商业秘密罪提供辩护,在商业秘密法律领域积累了较丰富的实践经验,欢迎切磋交流,邮箱:lawyer3721@163.com,电话:13910169772。



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